Combination square



Sept. 25, 1934. E R POWE 1,974,930

COM BINATION SQUARE Filed Oct. 50 1929 y l ll \l| l llllllll llilll l) Inventor Patented Sept. 25, 1934 i UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFECE COMBINATION SQUARE Edward P. Powe, Salinas, Calif. Application October 30, 1929, Serial No. 403,612

1 Claim. (01. 33-101) My invention relates to improvements in combination sliding squares in which a spring propelled bevel arm operates in conjunction with an associated quadrant and lock bolt; and the objects of my improvements are, first, to provide an outwardly movable arm, associated with a quadrant which upon pressure of a bolt cooperating with the quadrant permits the arm to be instantly adjusted to an angle of 45 degrees;

second, to provide a quadrant formed with notches and offsets which permit the above resultant action, and also provided with degree calibrations; third, the elimination of any permanent miter face placed on one edge of the head (as used in other makes of combination squares) permits both edges of the head to be used for inside or outside squaring, without the necessity of changing the position of the head to permit alternate forms of squaring. A device .constructed according to the'foregoing objects permits a number of uses and provides a construction which is comparatively inexpensive to manufacture but yet functions so that efficient service is obtained therefrom.

Additional objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent during the course of the following description.

I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming a 39 part of this specification, wherein like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the several views in which:-

Figure 1 is a side view of the square assembly;

Fig. 2, a view of the blade end of the head; Fig. 3,

a cross sectional view of the head on the line A--A Fig. 1; Fig. 4 shows two views of the quadrant lock bolt; Fig. 5, a sectional view of the lock bolt thumb nut; Fig. 6, a view of the bevel arm on the line B-B Fig. 1; Fig. 7, a vertical section on the line BB Fig. 1; Fig. 8, a detailed view of one side of the quadrant.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing, wherein, for the purpose of illustration, I

have shown the embodiment of the invention vvhich is at present preferred, which invention consists essentially of a construction including a head, a slotted bevel arm 2 (shown in opened position by broken lines) pivotally attached to the head (see 23 24, Figs. 6 and 7) and secured thereto by two screws 15, one on either side. Midway of its length, one end of a quadrant 3, is firmly secured to the arm and slidingly operates in an arcuate channel 3a situated in the head. A

, spring 5 is provided also pivotally attached to the 55 head with a screw 14, being adapted to propel the arm and quadrant, and is concealed when the arm is closed in housings 12and 13, provided in the head and arm as in Figs. 1, 6 and 7. The quadrant is provided with locking notches and ofisets (see Fig. 8) and co-operates with a slidable lock bolt 6, as seen in Figs. 1 and 4, the unthreaded portion of which is mounted in a sleeve 6a as seen in Fig. 3 provided in the head and positioned to permit the quadrant to slide between two alined wing members 16 provided on the side of the bolt and being adapted to slidably operate in slot 17, as in Figs. 1 and 3. The slot 17 prevents rotation of the bolt. The wings 16 are adapted to cooperate with the quadrant, the end member 16 meshing with notches 18, 18 in the quadrant as seen in Figs. 1 and 8; which retains the bevel arm closed or in a 45 degree position, and by means of a nut 7, as seen in Figs. 1 and 5, may be drawn into clamping position at any point of the inner arc of the quadrant, thereby obtaining any position of adjustment of the bevel arm. The top member 16 forms a stop which contacts with the outer arc of the quadrant to limit the sliding range of the bolt. The operation is accomplished in the following manner: By the use of the thumb nut 7 bolt 6 is adjusted to permit end wing 16 to barely clear the offset 19, as seen in Figs. 1 and 8. The bevel arm is retained in a closed position until the 45 degree angle is needed, then bolt 6 is pressed downwardly to its adjusted limit. When the end wing 16 clears the offset 19, the spring 5 will propel the bevel arm outwardly until the shoulder on the quadrant at the left notch 18 is in contact with the wing 16, which will check the outward movement of the bevel arm. Bolt 6 is then replaced and an associated spring located in a recess 7a provided in the thumb nut '7, forces the wing 16 to enter fully into the notch and to hold it rigidly at the angle of 45 degrees. If a greater than 45 degree angle is desired offset 20, and end offset 19, permit end wing 16 of bolt 6 to clear the shoulders shown on the left half of the quadrant. The wing may then be clamped to any position of adjustment on that portion of the quadrant. The bevel arm is provided with a slot 2a as seen in Figs. 3 and 6, permitting it to straddle blade 10. Fig. 8 is a detailed view of the quadrant; 19, 19 and 20, are offsets for manipulation purposes; 18, 18 at either end of 19 are locks to retain the bevel arm in a closed or a 45 degree position. Each side of the quadrant is divided by arcuate lines into a plurality of sections for convenience in setting the bevel arm at various angles with reference to the blade 10. Upon the face of the quadrant are various calibrations; those in one section form an ordinary scale of degrees from 0 to 90. The remaining calibrations are adapted to give all the angles for a plurality of hip roof pitches in each section, or they may give the intersection angles for polygon figures. The calibrations for different angles are designated by figures and code letters.

The foregoing description and accompanying drawing have reference to what might be considered to be the approved or preferred form of my invention. I desire it to be understood that I may make such changes in the construction, combination and arrangements of parts, materials, dimensions, et cetera, as may prove expedient and fall within the scope of the appended claim.

I am aware that prior to my invention, combination squares have been made with level and scriber and sliding blade. Having thrs described my invention what I claim is:

The combination, in a square, comprising a head assembly embodying an adjustable slotted bevel arm pivotally attached to the head, an elongated spring also pivotally attached to the head, one end of which contacts with the bevel arm, and is adapted to propel the arm outwardly, a quadrant formed with notches and slidable through the head and rigidly associated with the bevel arm, an elongated guide sleeve within the head, a releasing and retaining bolt with alined wings and screw threads thereon slidable in said sleeve, a thumb nut with a spring housing therein which encloses a coil spring adapted to secure the bolt in position and by which one of the wings on the bolt member may be drawn into clamping engagement with the ofisets provided on the quadrant, and adapted in co-operation with the bolt to provide locking facilities for the quadrant, the bevel arm being adapted to be propelled outwardly from the head by the spring, its motion being limited by engagement of a wing on the bolt with a notch on the quadrant, the quadrant being provided with calibrations.

EDWARD P. rows.

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